John A. Haslem (April 23, 2007) Webster's New Pocket Style Guide (Custom), John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, ISBN9780470177846, 頁286 / 352: 「EMF or emf, electromotive force」
The Chicago Manual of Style, University of Chicago Press, 2003, ISBN9780226104034, 頁582: 「emf electromotive force」
CBE Style Manual Committee (1983) CBE Style Manual: A Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers in the Biological Sciences, 5版, Council of Biology Editors, ISBN9780914340041, 頁247 / 324: 「emf: electromotive force」