gorm

參見：Gorm

英語

詞源1

gaum的變體 (源自中古英語 gome ← 古諾爾斯語 gaumr；對比哥特語 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaumjan, “觀察”))。

其他寫法

• gawm (英國方言)

動詞

gorm (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 gorms，現在分詞 gorming，一般過去時及過去分詞 gormed)

1. 〈方〉 瞪，盯
   • 1922, Elinor Mordaunt, Laura Creichton, page 110:

     Passing through St. George's Square, Lupus Street, Chichester Street, he scarcely saw a soul; then, quite suddenly, he struck a dense crowd, kept back by the police, standing gorming at a great jagged hole in a high blank wall, a glimpse, the merest glimpse of more broken walls, shattered chimneys.

   • 1901, New Outlook, volume 67, page 408:

     "Tell Sannah to bring some coffee," said the young woman to a diminutive Kaffir boy, who stood gorming at us with round black eyes.

   • 1990, Jean Ure, Play Nimrod for him, →ISBN，頁號 96:

     They would stand in silence, mindlessly gorming at each other, […]

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2005, Lynne Truss, The Lynne Truss Treasury: Columns and Three Comic Novels ISBN 1101218266:

     In particular, we like to emphasize that, far from wasting our childhoods (not to mention adulthoods) mindlessly gorming at The Virginian and The Avengers, we spent those couch-potato years in rigorous preparation for our chosen career.

相關詞彙

• goam (“看見，認得”)
• gaum (“理解，考慮”)

詞源2

gaum的變體 (參見gum)。

動詞

gorm (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 gorms，現在分詞 gorming，一般過去時及過去分詞 gormed)

1. gaum的另一種寫法 （弄髒）
   • 1884, Margaret Elizabeth Majendie, Out of their element, page 70:

     'It is quite ruined.'

     'How did she do it? What a pity!'

     'With paint—assisting in the painting of a garden-gate. She told me the pleasure of "gorming" it on was too irresistible to be resisted; and the poor little new gown in done for.'

   • 1909, Augusta Kortrecht, The Widow Mary, in Good Housekeeping, volume 48, page 182:

     "It was in a little sprinkler bottle, an' I gormed it onto my vittles good an' thick. Lordy, Lordy, an' now I got to die!"

參考資料

• Bennett Wood Green, Word-book of Virginia Folk-speech (1912), page 202:

  Gorm, v. To smear, as with anything sticky. When a child has smeared its face with something soft and sticky, they say: "Look how you have gormed your face."

詞源3

源自 gormandize/gormandise。

動詞

gorm (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 gorms，現在分詞 gorming，一般過去時及過去分詞 gormed)

1. 〈口〉〈罕〉 狼吞虎嚥
   • 1885 James Johonnot, Neighbors with Claws and Hoofs, and Their Kin, page 105:

     The bear came up to the berries and stopped. Not accustomed to eat out of a pail, he tipped it over, and nosed about the fruit "gorming" it down, mixed with leaves and dirt, […]

   • 1920, Outdoor Recreation: The Magazine that Brings the Outdoors In:

     […] an itinerant bruin and with naught on his hands but time and an appetite, [to] wander from ravine to ravine and gorm down this delectable fruit.

   • 1980, Michael G. Karni, Finnish Americana, page 5:

     As Luohi said later, "He gormed it. Nay, he didn't eat it. He gormed it, the pig."

詞源4

有人認為與gormless 和/或 gorming有關，也有人認為與gorm (“弄髒”)有關 (gum)。

其他寫法

• gaum

動詞

gorm (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 gorms，現在分詞 gorming，一般過去時及過去分詞 gormed)

1. 〈方〉(美國南部, 阿巴拉契亞, 新英格蘭, 多與‘up’連用) 弄亂
   • 1910, English Mechanic and World of Science, volume 91, page 273:

     I find the cheap shilling self-filling pen advertised in these pages excellent value—quite equal to that of fountain-pens I have paid ten times as much for. It is also durable. I am a careless person, and prefer to discard it when I have “gormed” it […]

   • 2008, Christine Blevins, Midwife of the Blue Ridge, →ISBN，頁號 133:

     "Truth is, I've gormed it all up, Alistair. When it comes t' women — nice women anyway — I'm as caw-handed and cork-brained as any pimply boy."

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

References

• Maine lingo: boiled owls, billdads & wazzats (1975), page 114: "A man who bungles a job has gormed it. Anybody who stumbles over his own feet is gormy."
• Smoky Mountain Voices: A Lexicon of Southern Appalachian Speech (1993, ISBN 0813129583: "gorm: [v. to make a mess.] If a house be in disorder it is said to be all gormed or gaumed up (B 368)."

異序詞

• grom

康沃爾語

詞源

源自原始布立吞語 *gurm ← 原始凱爾特語 *gurmos。

發音

• 國際音標^(幫助)：/ɡɔrm/

形容詞

gorm

1. 深棕色的

輔音變化

  gorm  的輔音變化

康沃爾語輔音變化
原形	軟音化	送氣音化	硬音化	混合變化	th 後混合變化
gorm	worm	無變化	korm	hworm	worm

愛爾蘭語

詞源

源自古愛爾蘭語 gorm (“藍色”) ← 原始凱爾特語 *gurmos。與威爾士語 gwrm (“昏暗的”)同源。

發音

• 國際音標^(幫助)：/ˈɡɔɾˠəmˠ/

形容詞

gorm (屬格單數陽性 goirm，屬格單數陰性 goirme，複數 gorma，比較級 goirme)

1. 藍色的
2. (膚色) 黑色的
3. (酊) 藍灰色的

變格

gorm的變格

	單數		複數(m/f)
肯定	陽性	陰性	（強變化名詞）	（弱變化名詞）
主格	gorm	ghorm	gorma; ghorma²
呼格	ghoirm		gorma
屬格		goirme	gorma	gorm
與格	gorm; ghorm¹	ghorm; ghoirm (archaic)	gorma; ghorma²
比較級	níos goirme
最高級	is goirme

¹ 前接名詞是弱變化，且由定冠詞修飾時。
² 前接名詞末尾是窄輔音時。

舊拼寫

gorm的變格

	單數		複數(m/f)
肯定	陽性	陰性	（強變化名詞）	（弱變化名詞）
主格	gorm	ghorm	gorma; ghorma²
呼格	ghuirm		gorma
屬格		guirme	gorma	gorm
與格	gorm; ghorm¹	ghorm; ghuirm (archaic)	gorma; ghorma²
比較級	níos guirme
最高級	is guirme

¹ 前接名詞是弱變化，且由定冠詞修飾時。
² 前接名詞末尾是窄輔音時。

派生詞

• ceannghorm (“蓝头的”)
• dícear gorm (“蓝麂羚”)
• dréimire gorm, fuath gorm (“白英”)
• dúghorm (“深藍”)
• fabhcún gorm, seabhac gorm (“遊隼”)
• fathach gorm (“藍巨星”)
• gormghlas, gormuaine (“藍綠”)
• méaracán gorm (“圆叶风铃草”)
• ollfhathach gorm (“蓝超巨星”)
• scothghorm (“带蓝色的”)
• scréachóg ghorm (“蓝鸦”)
• siorc gorm (“大青鲨”)
• spéirghorm (“天藍”)

 

輔音變化

愛爾蘭語輔音變化
原形	弱化	濁化
gorm	ghorm	ngorm
注意：有些形式可能僅是推測，並不是所有形式都一定存在。

參考資料

• MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “gorm”, An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Stirling, ISBN 978-14-77-69212-7

蘇格蘭蓋爾語

詞源

源自古愛爾蘭語 gorm (“藍色”) ← 原始凱爾特語 *gurmos。與威爾士語 gwrm (“昏暗的”)來源相同。

發音

• 國際音標^(幫助)：/ˈkɔrɔ̃m/

形容詞

gorm (比較級 guirme)

1. 藍色的
2. （植物）碧綠的；藍綠的

派生詞

• bèist-ghorm (“海豚”)
• dearcag ghorm (“藍莓”)
• liath-ghorm (“丁香”)
• seabhag-ghorm (“遊隼”)

 

相關詞彙

• gar

輔音變化

苏格兰盖尔语的辅音变化
正常	軟化
gorm	ghorm
注意: 其中一些形式可能是假设的。不是所有词语的 可能的变化形式都实际上存在。

參見

蘇格蘭蓋爾語中的顏色（dathan） (布局 · 文字)
bàn, geal	glas	dubh
dearg ; ruadh	orainds ; donn	buidhe ; donn
uaine	uaine	; gorm
liath ; glas	liath	gorm
purpaidh ; guirmean	pinc ; purpaidh	pinc

參考資料

• MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “gorm”, An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Stirling, ISBN 978-14-77-69212-7